Airline Industry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Airline Industry Analysis - Essay Example However, the industry is highly depended on the existing business cycles, weather, and political stability. According to industry data, Delta’s Cargo business contributes 40 percent of total revenues while Delta US contributes 27 percent of revenues with the rest coming from Delta International travel (Wood, 2008). Although Southwest Airlines has the highest market in US domestic travel, Delta has the highest revenue passenger Mile (RPM) and has reported the considerable increase in US domestic market share over the last six years. The company has undertaken measures in cost cutting through investing in aircraft that are more fuel-efficient and undertaking investments in technology in order to improve the efficiency of crew systems (Braun & Latham, 2014, p 56).  Five forces analysis The five forces model is essential in understanding the attractiveness of the industry, the drivers of competitive edge and profitability in the industry. Michael Porter’s five forces mode l includes the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers and degree of rivalry in the industry (Wood, 2008).  The threat of new entrants  Although the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 saw the entry of small low-cost carriers in the US market, the threat of new entrants remains high due to the high capital required to establish operations, the relative economies of scale of the international carriers and stringent regulatory and licensing process (Wood, 2008).

High Schools in Australia and China Essay Example for Free

High Schools in Australia and China Essay High schools play an important role in teenager education. Each country pays high attention on it, so they try their best to improve the high school education system. Because of different cultures, high schools have many differences in various countries. For example, comparing high schools in Australia and China, there are several similarities and differences in three areas, including the teaching styles, the curriculum, and the time spent. First of all, the teaching styles in high schools between Australia and China have a similarity, but they have many differences. The similarity is that both Australian and Chinese teachers expect students to ask questions and contribute to discussions, and they ask students who break the rules to leave class and wait outside as a punishment. However, teaching styles in China and Australia have many differences. Chinese teachers stand in front of the classroom during the class, while the Australian teachers move around the room and sit on the tables. Moreover, sometimes Australian teachers have class outdoors. Whenever Chinese teachers call the students, they use the full name, but the Australian teachers use the first name. The students in Australian who have a various table arrangements sit more free than the Chinese students, for Chinese students usually sit in a steady desk arrangement. The main reason causing these differences is that Chinese classroom atmosphere is formal and strict; however, Australian atmosphere is relaxed and informal. On the other hand, the curriculum in China is completely different from Australian. One difference is that they have various subjects. The academic subjects in China are English, Chinese, and Math, although the Australian is English. Chinese students usually choose the English as the second language, but Australian chooses the Japanese. After that, another difference is the exams. For instance, Chinese students have to attend the Senior High School Entrance Examination and the College Entrance Examination, in which they can pass into the senior high schools and universities; nevertheless, Australian students only have exams at years from ten to twelve. Finally, a comparison of time spent between two countries receives several similarities as much as the differences. Some arrangements in Australia are the same as the Chinese. For example, the students go to school from Monday to Friday; furthermore, they have physical education at least one hundred minutes, like the sport time every week. Then two countries both divide high school years into junior years and senior years. In China years from seven to nine are junior years; in contrast, years from ten to twelve are senior years. However, in Australia years from seven to ten are junior, though the years after ten are senior years. Every year Australia has four terms, while china has two. And Australian students spent about six and a half hours at school; still, Chinese students stay at school for nine hours. To sum up, it is clear that high school education various from China to Australia in three different areas, even though they have some similarities. China and Australia have their own history and culture so that they create their own education system. However, each system has advantages which are better than others.

Problems Faced by Asian Students in English Pronunciation

Problems Faced by Asian Students in English Pronunciation Introduction Speaking regarded as the most important and difficult micro-skill of the four skills in foreign language learning. Most adult non-native students of English in the UK particularly Asian students face a lot of difficulties when they speak English and they sometimes get frustrated when they could not understand or be understand by native speakers of English. Therefore, they encounter the same problems that confront any students studying in a foreign culture, such as grammar, pronunciation, listening comprehension and different cultures. Also, it is difficult for them to adjust to the English language especially when they speak it. They may have difficulty understanding class lecture, making them feel reluctant to participate in class discussion, seminars and tutorials. This essay will first explain and evaluate only one issue that face adult Asian students in UK when they speak English which is English pronunciation. Therefore, pronunciation is a difficult aspect in language learning f or adult Asian students which lead to real barriers to communication and can contribute to motivation with native English speakers. This essay also will examine what are the most frequent difficulties encountered them in English pronunciation, the factors that affecting the pronunciation of non native students of English , some solutions to surmount the difficulties of mispronunciation among Asian adult students and finally it will throw some light on the implications of language teaching. Literature review: Teachers of English as a FL or a L2 know so well how important pronunciation is. Nevertheless, sometimes it has been obvious that a teacher has been paid little attention to the students pronunciation in the process of second language learning and teaching. Celce Goodain(1991) states that over the past years, there have been different views about the value of teaching pronunciation in language teaching and they reported that the cognitive approach and grammar translation reading based method which used by teachers attach no importance to pronunciation. However, in the direct approach, pronunciation is considered important. In addition, Jack and William (2002) reported that pronunciation is no longer considered as an indispensable aspect in a foreign language teaching. According to Beebe (1984,51), `Most current textbooks in English as a second language either ignore the teaching of pronunciation or rely primarily on old stand-bys-to teach non-native learners to pronounce English accurately. Trammell (1993) also indicates that instruction in pronunciation has been deemphasised due to the new teaching methods like the Communicative Approach. Communication is an important need of in daily life and it should be the primary purpose of language learning and teaching . Therefore, teaching English speaking to non-native students of English how to speak English accurately and fluently with native speakers of English is one of the general objectives of the foreign language teaching. According to Yule (2006: 33), language is primarily speech and it is more basic to language than the written form. Knowles (1987) argue that written language is permanent and looks imperfect version of the spoken language whereas spoken Language is more elusive. It is clear that we all speak and hear the sounds spoken in our environment first before we write or read. For instance, child before goes to school, he will speak before write because he will acquire his first Language from his family when he imitates what they said. It is seem that as long as one can communicate with others in the second language, everything is fine but the questions is ,how can communicate with people fluently if your pronunciation is incorrect? Beebe (1984) insists that pronunciation always affect what we communicate and how well we communicate it, and therefore it should be take seriously. Weeren Theunissen(1987: 109) pointed out: Firstly, good pronunciation allows one to be better understood. It gives the speakers oral production a certain redundancy. And this can help to get a message across more effectively as a learning objective because of it is high pay off. The number of sound, sound clusters and intonation pattern in a Language is finite, as is the alphabet. Once the system has been mastered, it can be used, thus giving it fundamentally an infinite scope. Thirdly, a deviant pronunciation means that one is immediately marked as non-native abroad. Harmer (2007) suggests that if students want to be able to speak fluently in English, they need to be able pronounce phonemes correctly and appropriate stress and intonation. Pronunciations of students need to be good enough to communicate the message so that it is understood by other speakers of English. Therefore, most Asian adult students have difficulties to pronounce words or sentences correctly which can be a major cause of misunderstandings. They have difficulties in recognize sound of English, word stress( which part of a word are more heavily stressed that is spoken louder and longer), sentence stress( which part of a sentence can be more heavily stressed), sounds in connected speech( how to link the sounds together in a sentence),and finally in intonation(how our voice rises and falls at a certain point of the sentence).From my own experience as a teacher in a secondary school, most students have potential pronunciation problems when they speak English. They have problem wi th stress and intonation that they unable to put the right emphasis on the right part of the word. Also they have problems with vowels bends and consonants blends as well. For example, sounds likeea and ou can be confusing them because when they listen to the audio recordings, it can be very difficult for them to pick up the subtle blends of two or more vowels. Additionally, In consonants blends, they have problem with th sound because they are not accustomed to putting t and h together to form th sound to reproduce. It is clear that pronunciation is so difficult to learn. The first language of most overseas students effect on learning the second language. Problems that face Asian students in English pronunciation: Most Asian adult students work and study hard to become very fluent in English. However, there are many different varieties of spoken English and non-native students may have achieved fluency such as knowing correct grammar and knowing a large numbers of vocabulary especially when they have been taught by non-native speakers but they have a non-standard accent which make the use of English difficult for native speakers of English to understand. Vowels Celce-Murcia, Brinton and Goodwin (1996) states there are different types of vowel sounds in English pronunciation. Firstly, received pronunciation. It has twelve monophthongs (single or pure vowels).Secondly, eight diphthongs (double vowels) and two thriphthongs (triple vowels).therefore, some of in Asian students like Arabices , Japanese and Chinese have fewer vowels in their first Language which lead to have problems with hearing and pronouncing these distinctions of vowel sounds. For example, Japanese language has only 5 vowels /i/,/e/,/a/,/É‘/,/o/. According to, Kenworthy(1987) there are five vowels letters which are (a, e, i, o, u) .They map to 13 different sounds. For instance, the letter is pronounced differently in the words: boat, boot, out and hot. This is one of the problems that encountered by Asian adult students in pronunciation subject. They have problem with the /a/ sound (e.g. at) because it is not easy for them to hear and pronounce this sound. Also, they could not differentiate between the long sound/a/ and the sound/e/ (e.g. paper-pepper).They also have problems in differentiating between the long/e/ and the short /i/ (e.g. eat-it). Furthermore, diphthongs in English are difficult to learn and definitely tribal markers in English. .They are also very easy for native speakers of English to identify but not easy for non-native speakers of English. So, speech sounds which involve a slide from one vowel to another is the biggest problem which face Asian adult students when they speak English. For example, theou sound in the word out is a blend of /ah/ and /oo/. Several of diphthongs are quiet subtle .For instant the long /ee/ sound in the words feel and fear is a blend of /ee/ and /ah/ as (fee-ah). Celce-Murcia , Brinton and Goodwin ( 1996 ) Consonants Kota(2006) stats that English consonants are less difficult than vowels. Most languages have the sounds which are represented by the letters d, t, s, and z .Nevertheless, some languages do not use certain consonants which can be difficult for non-native speakers of English. For examples, the r and l sounds are not used by Japanese and Korean native speakers. Then, the so- called ra-la distinction is especially difficult for them. They have also difficulty to distinguish between /b/ and /v/ sounds. The /th/ sound is not simply to use it in the naÃÆ' ¯ve language. It can be difficult for Vietnamese students. Therefore, they substitue a /zh/ instead of /th/ as in: /zh/ese problems may be caused by pollution. Also, he adds that there are more consonants in English than in Japanese language .Therefore, the /f/, /v/ /o/, A/, /s/,/3/,/ts/,/d3/ do not exist in the Japanese consonantal system. In addition, Munro((1993) states that some Arabic language do not make use of separate sounds for /b/ and/p/.then, they have difficulty to distinguishing and pronouncing b and p sounds as in : do not bark while I park the van. The difference is quite subtle. They may confuse z withj .These problems cause misunderstanding by native English speakers when they communicate with each other From my own experience as a Libyan student at Leicester University in the UK, I had a car accident in university road because the weather was slippery and snowing which cause that the brake of my car was out of the control. After that the police came to me and asked me some questions about the accident. I said to him I feel slippery. The problem here, the police wrote in the report driver feel asleep but he did not write what I said I feel slippery .I think that was a misunderstanding between the police and me because of my language. He misunderstand me because of his linguistic constraints particularly his heavily -accented English. Other problems which face Asian adult students, is dropping medical stopped consonants. Some of them tend o drop stopped consonants such as, sounds /p/ and /k/ from the middle of poly syllabic words. For example, Chinese students tend to drop the difficult c from the word of success. They say/ suhsess/.Also, some native speaker of English pronounce the word accessory as/ assess or ee/ instead of / ack-sess-or-ee/.(Dalton,1994) Syllable structure: According to Joanna Heather (2003), English allows for in syllable structure a cluster of up to three consonants before the vowel and four consonants after the vowel as in the words straw and glimpsed. Therefore, the structure of syllabus cause issues for speakers of many languages. For instance, Japanese students usually try to in between the consonants (e.g. desk-/desks/) becomes desukusu or in the word milk shake / mIlk ʃeIk/ becomes mirukushȆ¡ku.Kota(2006) there are two types of syllable in English which are open syllables( CV) and closed syllables( CCCVCC).On the other hand, Japanese only permit one type of syllable which is open syllable. For example, Word meaning syllable Ke hair CV Kare boyfriend CVCV So, Words in Japanese do not end with consonants and it Japanese does not allow both initial and final consonants. Knowles (1987) maintains that some Asian students who first languages end in vowels, they often tend to make all English words end in vowels. For example, they pronounce the word make as /meIkÉâ„ ¢ / instead of/ meIk/. Also, they sometimes find it is so complicated when native speakers of English may drop consonants in the more complex blends (e.g. the word months, they say /mɆ¦nÉ µs/ instead of / mɆ¦nos/. Rhythm and Cadence: Brown (2001: 121) pointed out that cadence is the pattern of stresses within a sentence and rhythm refers to the beat syllabus. If each one were marked by tapping fingers on a desk: rat a-tat-tat-tat TAT of this. He adds that the main issue that trips up Asian adult students that British English are stress timed whereas most Asian languages are syllable timed. Stressed syllables are roughly equidistant in time and they like the sound of the mechanical tat-tat-tat-tat of gun machine with equal length to each syllable. However, native English speakers stretch syllables at the same time like putting emphasis on some syllables and not others. For instance,hi. Wonderful to see u again .They say this sentence like this hiiiii woooood fl to seeeeeee yu agaiaiainn. This mean, won- see- gain is both emphasized and lengthened but other syllabuses in the sentence are so lightly and shortened spoken. According to Kota (2006), stress time in English is one of the problem that encounter Asian students particularly for Singaporeans students. They speak in the way which is very difficult for English speakers to understand. Intonation Roach, (2002: 50) defines intonation as the rising or falling pitch of the voice while pronouncing words or syllables. He believes that intonation enables speakers to express their emotions and attitudes when they speak. The most problematic area of pronunciation for most Asian students is intonation. They find it extremely difficult to hear tunes or identify the different patterns of rising and falling tones. Therefore, some Asian languages have less pitch variation than English especially Japanese language.They use pith changes to mark stress on the word level which result the so-called monotonous intonation. Wong(1987) suggests that English as a tonal language(not using tones).We can understand the words in isolation but if we put them together in sentences, the meaning of the sentence may change by a shift in tone. For example, Are you going to the library?(low-then-high on word library) but if u wondered which of two persons agreed to get the list of books, the same words would have a different emphasis Are you going to the library?, and the tone for you would be rather deep which is different from the first question. Jack and Willy (2002) introduce other problems in English pronunciation .Firstly, difference between spelling and sounds. There are lots of words in English language which have silent letters. Therefore, most Asian students specifically Pakistani students pronounce these silent letters unknowingly which make them mispronounce the words. For example, knowledge, kneel .These two word have k silent letter which they should not pronounce it at all. Secondly, multiple sounds of the same letters are also one of the issues that encounter Asian adult students. This mean there are many letters and combinations of letters which produce numerous sounds at different place. For instance, the letter c produces two sounds like s and k (e.g. circle, car) and also ch letter produce three sounds as ch,k andsh. Factors affecting the English pronunciation of Asian students: The effect of native language: Every language in the world has different accent and varsities is true that non native speakers speak the target language in a different way. Sometimes, they speak highly different than native speakers of English do. Avery Ehrlich (1987:9) calls the foreign accent the nature of which is determined to a large extended by a learners native language. Then, native language of speaker may influence on the pronunciation of the target language. Jack and Willy(2002: 184) states that the way we speak is a part of our identity ,that is, phonemic differences between language cause, a target language which will be spoken with a foreign language. Some Asian students specifically Turkish adult students have difficulty in some English sounds or words that are not exist in their first language. For example, the sounds/ÃÆ' °/ and / ÆÅ ¸/ are not exist in Turkish language which lead Turkish students to face difficulty to pronounce these sounds when they speak English. So they produce these sou nds under the influence of their first language. Then, the influence of native language is inevitable. The factor of age: This is the most important factor in learning English pronunciation. If someone wants to pronounce a foreign language with a native like accent, he/she should start to learn it during his/her childhood. For example, children who start learn English language in foreign language speaking people environment. As a result, they have more advantage than the children who learn the second language in their motherlands. Krashen (1988) mentions that people who expose their second language during childhood, they achieve higher foreign language proficiency than those who beginning as adults. It seems that age is the main factor which effect on adults English pronunciation. They are difficult for them to learn English language after puberty. Therefore, it is better to learning it in short run and should be started in puberty. Phonetic Ability: According to Jack and Willy (2002) pointed out that some people who have a good ear, they have the ability to discriminate between the two sounds accurately. So, learners phonetics ability affects the development of their pronunciation. Kenworthy(1987) believes that the influence of age is an efficient factor for phonetics ability. Because it is so difficult for adult students to have more ability in pronunciation than immigrants children who start their learning process in a second language speaking environment. The Amount Exposure: Many non native speakers have not opportunity to practice the English language in their motherlands. English also do not only used in the classroom. If the learners live in an English- speaking country, the learners will have opportunities to listen and speak with native speakers of English. Conversely, there will no advantage for learners if they live in a non English speaking country. Kenworthy (1987) insists that exposure can be a contributory factor but it is not necessary factor for developing adult learners pronunciation. Learners should make use of it is opportunities, if they are aware of the necessity of being exposed to the second language. If the learners do that, they will be more successful in case of improving their pronunciation. Personality and Attitude This factor affect the pronunciation of most Asian adult students in a bad way if the learners have negative attitudes for the English environment .learners or they are introverted students. From my own experience as a student in the UK, I am one of the students who are introverted or shy. Therefore, I usually do not take part in classroom activities; seminars and tutorials .Whereas extrovert students have more chance to improve their pronunciation. Brown (2001) states attitude of the students toward the new language have an effective role in pronunciation learning. Also, if the learners have a good attitude for the target culture, they can develop their pronunciation accurately. If the learners have some prejudices on the second language and its society, this event will influence their approach to the language. It is clear that these above factors are effective in the learners pronunciation and also exert much influence on the adult learners. So, teachers play a significant role for helping adult learners to develop their English pronunciation. Also, they should pay attention to the students concern for pronunciation because they are not aware of the way that they speech. Therefore there are lots of methods and types of teaching English pronunciation which help Asian adult students to overcome the difficulties of it. They will also help them to acquire an accurate pronunciation and improve their speech. Solutions to surmount the difficulties of mispronunciation among Asian adult students:- Teaching pronunciation:- Jigsaw: Pennington (1996) maintains that jigsaw is a form of information gap. Students work in pairs or small group to exchange their information. They try to combine words with each other to create sentences. These sentences consist of words that the learners have difficulty to pronounce these words. For example, in the word rise which has the letters s that they must pronounce it as z and producing /raIz/ e.g. I was surprised that the raisings rise! B-Tongue Twister: This kind of activity helps adult Asian students to say difficult words and phrases so quickly. Celce-Murcia (1987:55) stress that there is a little transfer from practice to natural information. But, if it is needed and necessary, they can be used. Example: Paul piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. 2-Drilling Techniques There are lots of drills which helps adult Asian students to improve their English pronunciation. They are very useful for teaching the correct pronunciation of the words and sentences. A- Saturation drill Wong (1987) proposed it is vey suitable for all position of the problematic sound. For instance, the sound /s/ as a problem sound. It can be drilled in its three positions Initial media final See leasing peace Seem clinic purse Substitution drill Dalton (1994) says that this drill can be applied by substituting any sound instead of other sound. For instance,/t/ sound instead of /ÃŽÂ ¸/ and /d/ in place of /ÃÆ' °/( e.g. this is thin/tin.) It is clear that there are other ways helps learners to overcome difficulties of pronunciation .First, media which give to the students positive advantage especially when they watch standard English news channel like BBC. Second, is practice. Students should practise English with native speaker or non native speakers of English to improve their English speaking Conclusion: To sum up, teaching pronunciation is one of the important areas of foreign language teaching. Most overseas students especially Asian adult students encounter troubles when they try to communicate with native speakers of English. Then, communication should be the primary purpose of language learning and teaching. One crucial part of effective communication for Asian adult students to grasp is: comfortably intelligible pronunciation. They have certain difficulties such as produce correct sound and recognition of English sounds, understanding of stress and intonation, difference between spelling and sounds and other problems. Therefore, it should be studied in the early age (from puberty) to eliminate these problems and also to overcome the negative influence from the first language interference. Teachers must be a ware of the techniques which help students improve their pronunciation according to their age, ability, needs, attitudes and expectations. Count words (3200) Classroom Implications: Appendix I: Generally, pronunciation is really complicated process in foreign language teaching. There are some of sounds which have similar sounds but have different meanings. This can be causing much confusion to the learners. Therefore, most ESL students have problem with English pronunciation when they speak English. From my own experience as a teacher in Libyan secondary school, I used several ways to teach pronunciation which can be benefit all learners. Firstly, introducing phonemes .because the biggest problem that faces them is the distinguage between sounds. For example, in the words fat, mat, cat, sat, the letters /f/, /m/, /c/, /s/ are the phonemes which are the beginning letters of these words. Phoneme makes the distinct difference between similar words. After that, students listen and repeat these different sounds and then identify them. For the best result, I introduce phoneme in pairs. (e.g. the /f/ and/v/ sounds).They listen and speak them and also repeat simple words like( fat- vat)Secondly, practicing phonemes for making the sound accurately. I drew pronunciation diagrams on the blackboard because they help them to know how to hold the tongue and lips. For example, the sound /th/ in #the word this and thank. Anxiety is usually common among students when they lean pronunciation. Then, I usually use some verbal games such as, handclap rhythms and jazz charts which can help them to improve their speaking and relieve much of pressure. Appendix II: Students listen to audio recordings and they practice what they hear because recordings get them attuned to stress, intonation, pitch and phonological distinctions. For example: Listen and say what word you hear: is it from column (a) or column (b)? Some words are unusual. Appendix III Word stress and intonation Listen and mark the stressed syllable. Daughter- orbit-planet- computer- meaning- handle-homework- hospital derision. 2-Read these sentences and mark the pauses with / and mark the intonation pattern with à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å". People who look different from others in some way are interesting. The one who looks bored is my sister. The latest design, with CD player is very expensive. A tidy, conventionally decorated room with everything in its place is boring.

The Growing Need for Nontraditional Adoptions Essay -- Family Children

The Growing Need for Nontraditional Adoptions When picturing a family with an adopted child, the first image that comes to many people’s mind is that of a mother, father, and their child, but have you ever stopped to consider the alternatives. Who says that every family has to consist of a male and female who are married? Can a single parent, homosexual couples, or couples with a differing ethnicity from the child provide the same love and support as a tradition couple? These are options that adoption and foster care agencies have begun to consider due to the lack of available nontraditional families. In recent years there has been a drastic shortage of available homes for children in the adoption and foster care network. Because many of these children suffer from considerable health problems or happen to be of minority races, they have often been considered â€Å"unadoptable† (Overview 2). Therefore, many of the children move from one foster home to another throughout their lives, which can lead to â€Å"increased emotional problems, delinquency, substance abuse, and academic problems† (Overview 2). In order to reduce the number of children floating through the system, child welfare agencies have expanded their policies to allow adults, including single parents, families of minority races, and even people who have physical disabilities, to make an adopted child part of their family (Overview 2-3). Perhaps one of the most debated groups included in this expansion are gays and lesbians. It has recently become quite common for homosexual couples to adopt children, yet many people question the ability of the couples to provide a mentally healthy and moral environment. It has been questioned that if children w... ...ties Union Freedom Network . 6 Apr. 1999. American Civil Liberties Union . 19 Feb. 2003 . Prowler, Mady. â€Å"Single Parent Adoption: What You Need to Know.† Adoptions.com . 2000. Adoption Events.com . 15 Apr. 2003 . Shireman, Joan F. â€Å"Adoptions by Single Parents.† Marriage and Family Review 20 (1995): 367-388. Simon, Rita James. Transracial Adoption . New York: John Wiley & Son, Inc., 1977. Teicher, Stacy A.. â€Å"Fight Over Mixed-Race Adoptions.† Christian Science Monitor . 14 April 1999. EBSCOhost . Joyner Library, Greenville, NC. 19 Mar. 2003. â€Å"Transracial Adoption Sparks Debate.† Issues and Controversies . 12 Oct. 1995. Issues and Controversies . 19 Mar. 2003. .

Robber Barons

Savannah Noss Period 1 3/2/13 APUSH Robber Barons, a term used in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s to describe a businessman who made an enormous amount of money, today we would call them billionaires essay writer price. It was not really the fact they made a myriad of wealth, it was more the way they made it. In all the cases the acquiring of wealth was done in what was considered a ruthless manor and unscrupulous ways. A robber baron was more interested in acquiring wealth than the safety of his employees, the amount of work hours performed in a week, or the amount of wage being paid for a days work.A great example of a robber baron would be Andrew Carnegie. The robber baron of the steel industry. He was instrumental in starting the 72 hour work week, paying out less than fair wages and having dangerous working conditions. Andrew Carnegie cornered the market on the steel industry and made the first high rise building. He was the only business in his field, therefore, he could set his prices and up his profits. The robber barons were known for their business tactics that would enable them to amass a wealth by monopolies.They would corner the market on a product or service and make it almost impossible to get, accept through them. One thing that robber barons of today and yesterday have in common is monopolies. If at all possible, the robber baron or billionaire as we call them today, would try to corner the entire market on their product or service, making it difficult for competition in their particular industry. A second robber baron of that time was John D. Rockefeller. The robber baron of the oil industry.Rockefeller monopolized the oil industry with Standard Oil Company. When Edwin Drake discovered oil in 1859, Rockefeller saw the future. He introduced techniques that completely reshaped the oil industry. He used all of his methods to reduce the price of oil to his consumers. His profits soared and his competitors were crushed one by one. Ro ckefeller forced smaller companies to surrender their stock to his control. Another great example of a robber baron is Thomas Edison. The robber baron of the electricity, the light bulb.In 1876, Edison opened a lab where hundreds of inventions were created, including the first ever electric light bulb and an improved version of Graham Bell’s telephone. His light bulb would come to serve as an important part of industrialization. Because of his invention, factories could stay open longer and produce more goods, His power station in New York City gave power to almost the entire city. Within ten years, almost all of the United States had power. Those men earned the title of being called a robber baron because of all the things they created that benefitted society. They were and are robber barons of their time and ours. Â  

Creativity Is The Process Of Being Creative Education Essay

Your Creativity accomplishments expandedEveryone has a demand to be able to accommodate creatively and therefore maintain up with the of all time changing universe. Although it has been said that ground could be used, now there is an apprehension that this can hinder people from fast and ignorant alterations in a state of affairs, and to profit in job work outing people need to see things in new ways, expand bing ideas and develop accomplishments which enable them to go a benefit to any undertaking group or administration. More late administrations have had to do drastic originative alterations in working ways, unlike the smooth, formulated easy alterations of the yesteryear. The logic and the ground are limited when puting up for difficult to think discontinuous alteration, so there is a demand to travel beyond them. It is all about how to travel off from limited thought, traditional mentalities, premises, and that deep rooted manner of nearing jobs. It is suggested that intellectual hemispheres are responsible for different ways of activities: the left one is responsible for logics, scientific and practical ways while he right one is used for more originative activities. Whether you are used to treating one manner over the other it would be of great benefit to go familiar with both, as there has been grounds demoing the more a certain portion of the encephalon is used the more it will develop physiologically. Constraints ‘ being removed before nearing jobs is critical in order to happen the best solution, and people need to alter the end to avoid remaining in a position quo. Predicting alterations in the environment, continually redeveloping it is of import, utilizing creativeness is indispensable in conveying about a different hereafter. The ICT invasion is a all right illustration where some administrations were non originative plenty to travel fast and benefit. When making possible solutions the more options the more likelihood that a solution will come to light, particularly when there has been opposition in the yesteryear. Idea coevals from consecutive divergent and convergent phases is an ideal tool for this. In short the usage of both types of thought is valid, in respects to the left and right cerebral hemispheres mentioned earlier. Creative execution has scope when there are a broad scope of options, and in order to convey creativeness about restrictions need to be forgotten and originative thought must take over, this is the lone manner to convey approximately great alteration.Creative thought is a procedure which improves the ability to be originative and being in a all right province of head for bring forthing new thoughts. It means besides believing deliberately in ways that improve the likeliness of original ideas happening, it maximises the ability of the encephalon to believe of new diverse and complex thoughts ; a series of mental actions which produce alterations and developments of idea ; the procedure of researching multiple avenues of actions or ideas, ( sometimes calledA divergent thinkingA because idea forms and countries of belief are expanded. ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.brainstorming.co.uk/tutorials/definitions.html # originative thought ) .Creative Tools for Problem Solving A squad ‘s work requires creativeness and one of the best known originative tools is brainstorming. Brainstorming is an advanced tool ; it helps team creatively and competently bring forth a high degree of thoughts on any subject by promoting free thought ( Basu 2008 ) . There are several fluctuations of the procedure itself ; two of them are more common- structured and unstructured methods. In the first method each member is asked to come up with an thought, whilst in the 2nd one thought is produced at any clip by anyone. Brainstorming is frequently used when logical tools can non work out a job. Another tool for effectual job resolution is Mind Map. Mind Map is non-linear, spacial, graphical technique. There is a cardinal image which is the chief topic and thoughts are spread out of it like subdivisions. Besides subjects of secondary importance are distributing out like subdivisions from chief subjects ( Malone 2004 ) . Rich picture- at first sight these images are deceptively fiddling. However, this conceals the complicated manner of garnering information, thoughts, experiences and all other beginnings which helps to make ( Kazi 2005 ) . The rich image is a communicating channel which articulates the state of affairs through aggravation. Ocular thinking- it is a portion of believing procedure, which is extremely valuable and used widely. When ocular information is presented, rather frequently it is much easier to obtain the significance ( Paterson 1993 ) . Collaboration- it is a vivacious and interpersonal procedure which involves committedness, ends, shared values. It requires that squad members act together, portion the power and are unfastened to possibilities of personal and/or professional dealing ( Hamric et al2005 ) . Journaling- it is a inveterate dated events and thoughts. Journal besides includes contemplations and responses of author ( authors ) of those thoughts ( Stevens and Cooper 2009 ) . Journaling ‘s chief characteristics: it is written, entries are dated, it is written in informal linguistic communication and it is flexible- type of entries, intents for maintaining it etc ; flexibleness is the cardinal property of diary. Persistence- it is a uninterrupted force per unit area, careless troubles. It is really of import to maintain with a work despite the complexness of it.Brooding study on CPSOn the 1st twelvemonth in university pupils had to present a group presentation for PPD[ 1 ]category. Students had to fix concern presentation alas promotional run, to inform and carry the young person from borough of Greenwich to take a portion as voluntaries in London 2012. The command was ?1m contract, so pupils had to come up with a really good run program. This was a great squad exercising ; although, tonss of difficult work had to be input. This is a brooding study on originative job work outing while fixing this presentation. It is identified that larning through the contemplation is more powerful if there is an apprehension of models which helps to construction and steer the act of contemplation. There are many different theoretical accounts to utilize as a model for reflection- Kolb ‘s learning rhythm ( Appendix 1 ) , Gibb ‘s rhythm ( Appendix 2 ) etc ; there is no incorrect or right theoretical account, the key is to take one which feels the most comfy and best aids in larning from ain experiences. For this work pupil decided to utilize Jasper ‘s ( Jasper 2003 ) theoretical account ( Appendix 3 ) which is further clarifying of Gibb ‘s rhythm into simple phases.Phase one:Description of the event Students were fixing presentation over 2 month. On hebdomad get downing on 10th January 2011, pupils had a briefing on the Olympic Jobs Team Exercise every bit good as category argument. Briefing ‘s intent was to fix pupils for squad presentation and to guarantee pupils understand the demands and purposes of the squads exercise. At this point groups were established and pupils could travel over the briefing sheet for Olympic Jobs squad exercising. First, groups had to come up with a name for their squad and allocate squad members to different positions- Finance, Human Resources, Selling and Operational directors. Although, it seems really simple, it was non. Everyone had different thoughts and members spent most of the clip debating and brainstorming. The group decided to utilize creativeness tools such as: Get downing with known values- journaling ( Appendix 4 ) Geting other points of view- ocular thought Non-linear thinking- brainstorming ( Appendix 5 ) , ( Scholtes et al 2003 ) . As a consequence group came up with a name TFH which stands for Take your Future in your Handss and functions were allocated. Because there were merely three members in this group, Operational director ‘s function were decided to divide between all three of them. Group decided to hold five meetings ( Appendix 6 ) and scheduled them on Tuesdays as it was most convenient for everyone.Phase two:Feelingss The job ( exercising ) was given but pupil struggled to specify it as without specifying, job can non be solved. Student was experiencing unconfident because remainder of the group seemed to pick up on exercising. With a aid from other group members student managed clearly to place job and could get down bring forth possible solutions. After specifying job pupil felt rather confident and actively joined group meetings and came up with some really good thoughts. Since pupil is good organised, she was the 1 who kept diaries and it made her proud. In wide footings, people who feel confident about what they are making, can give a higher public presentation.Phase three:Evaluation Using earlier agreed creativeness tools pupils learned to develop their imaginativeness and CPS[ 2 ]accomplishments. These accomplishments are movable accomplishments, which can be used besides in personal and work life. Brainstorming helped members of group to work as a squad and really bask the clip spent together. Besides, utilizing ocular thought tool, pupils realised that they really enjoy pulling, utilizing color codifications etc.Phase four:Analysis In general, preparing of the presentation went really good. Comparing with old presentation[ 3 ], which was more about squad functions and less about creativeness, this one was more restful, group members realised their potencies thanks to CPS. Students did non realised how their assurance had grown and that they really enjoy showing their thoughts about solutions to the challenges ( Frigard 2008 ) .Phase five:Decision Overall, fixing and presenting presentation could be described as a difficult work and much of merriment. Teamwork is ne'er easy because of different people coming together and seeking to happen optimum solution to the job. In this instance CPS encouraged squad members think otherwise, â€Å" out of the box † . Rewarded grade is the best contemplation on presentation and it was high- 85 % ( Appendix 7 ) ; of class, there were some minor errors during the procedure and existent presentation, but pupils learned a batch.Phase six:Action program Looking back at the procedure of creative activity, it went good and likely pupil would utilize the same CPS tools once more if the similar undertaking came up once more. After this undertaking, pupil completed Self-evaluation of Creativity trial and scored rather high- 92points ( Appendix 8 ) .Contemplation on PPD presentationThis is a contemplation on PPD presentation ( Appendix 9 ) , based on Jasper ‘s ( Jasper 2003 ) theoretical account of the Gibbs rhythm. Students received an assignment to present power point presentation about promotional run for Olympics 2012 volunteering occupations for young person. Groups were self selected and this group consisted of three people: Ieva, Tom and Denis. The group had to research information on volunteering undertakings and occupations offered, and measure the best possible ways to choose the right campaigners for the occupations. They besides had to fix a selling run and measure the resources to procure a positive action program. Ieva was working on the HR side of the undertaking, she had to research occupation chances, fix the enlisting program and preparation and development plans. Tom was making Marketing side of the undertaking fixing promotional run. Denis was responsible for fiscal side of work, he prepared the fiscal program. The whole group invested every bit in operational side of run. The pupils used PowerPoint to present the presentation. Ieva opened the presentation with a brief debut about the company and so moved on to the enlisting program. It was a great challenge for her as she has ne'er felt confident speaking in forepart of group of people. Tom delivered really convincing promotional run ; he covered all the necessary stairss for a professional and sophisticated selling program. Denis delivered a really good prepared fiscal program for the undertaking, which was an of import portion of the successful run when command for the ?1m undertaking. Ieva felt rather confident about this undertaking, the group had spent a batch of clip on it and everyone was working hard. However, this was 2nd group presentation in this twelvemonth, so they knew, they would be marked stricter, the coach will anticipate pupils to larn from the old errors. Overall this was a really good squad exercising, which tested in deepness the strength and failings of each squad member and gave them new get downing points and infinite for betterments. Based on the coach ‘s feedback, the presentation went instead good. Students emphasised their professional attack by have oning smart frock ; showing mode and the use of PowerPoint was really good. As per coach ‘s feedback, there was merely little unfavorable judgment on deficiency of press releases, which would hold been utile. All in all pupils were really satisfied as they achieved a grade of 85 % . The work and clip invested in this undertaking had been paid back. Looking back to the readying procedure and the work load that was used, the group all believe that – following clip they will near the undertaking with the same bravery as this one and they would take into history all the errors that they made and unfavorable judgment received from coach and other pupils.Understanding â€Å" millennials † and Generation YGeneration Y is a label for people who were born between early 80s and early 90s, following coevals X.A Quite frequently members of Generation Y are referred to as â€Å" echo boomers † , for being kids of parents born during so called babe roar, or Following Generation, Millenials Internet Generation etc. One of the chief features of Generation Y members is the deep cognition of modern communications and digital engineerings, so in response to it employers have to update their hiring scheme to incorporate modern-day signifiers and usage of these engineerings. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessdictionary .com/definition/Generation-Y.html. After reading the Generation Y article ( W. Stanton Smith, 28 October 2009 ) ( Appendix 10 ) , pupil summarised four chief statements: Non- traditional household unit makes up the bulk of families Flexibility and alteration of career is a demand Workers are reconsidering the function of the work in their lives Three things which left the immense impact on the Generation Y life doctrine are engineerings, attack towards concern, consumer ‘s attitude. There is grounds demoing that alternatively of 60 % in the 50s, nowadays merely 17 % of families run into the definition of traditional, but it should be kept in head that in today ‘s footings it is an arguably narrow definition. That means that there is a demand for more flexibleness in nowadays work-life issues than it was earlier. There is a stereotype about adult females and their function within a household. For 100s of old ages their function was homemaker and female parent ( Cheal 2008 ) , adult females premier duties have been looking after house, kids and taking attention of hubby ‘s well-being. Another stereotype is that the biggest part of families ‘ income is brought in by work forces ( Rapoport et al 1978 ) . Even today adult females are expected to go on to hold a chief responsibility for child care and eldercare, but because of increasing Numberss of female alumnuss, there is a demand for customisation of career and general flexibleness in work. Along, with all the alterations within the household, the traditional corporate theoretical account is altering every bit good. Not merely are female parents concentrating on their work they are besides concentrating on their households, male parents are keener to pass more clip with their kids ; they want to take a portion in their upbringing. As a effect, the traditional corporate ladder is giving topographic point to a corporate lattice theoretical account where the sum and celerity of work can be diverged depending on the life style. Generation Y is a coevals of engineerings, therefore it is taking computing machines, electronic mails, nomadic phones and suchlike for granted ( Savage and Collins-Mayo 2006 ) , which wholly changes how members of this coevals view the universe every bit good as brings an changes within the labour market. Research on Generation Y assumes that consumers of this coevals are all likewise, but this coevals includes 15-32 twelvemonth olds, so their behavior as consumers will be different ( Benckendorff et al 2010 ) . However, this coevals has been raised to be consumers who question value and demand high quality and therefore, it is apprehensible that they carry these outlooks with them everyplace, including callings. Paul Redmond[ 4 ]has said that this combination of influences ( engineering, attitudes towards the concern and a consumer mentality ) , had created really confident and commercial coevals, members of which are success driven, fed up with everyday and are ready to go forth work if employer does n't react their values and concerns ( hypertext transfer protocol: //business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/career_and_jobs/recruiter_forum/article4275460.ece ) . Overall there is valuable information for recruiters whose connotation is to pull the top new alumnuss and non entirely. In general pupil agrees with the article as it is really realistically written and most of the facts are backed up with grounds.Brooding study on PDCAs a portion of PPD class, pupil had to take a challenge anterior pupil ‘s personal and professional development advancement. Conferences present legion possibilities for pupils. They find out about new developments in the field, can web with co-workers, and do indispensable contacts etc ( Curtis 2002 ) , so pupil decided to go to the conference when the chance came frontward.Phase one:Description of the event It was three yearss event, taking topographic point on March 21st-24th in Great Connought Rooms ( Appendix 11 ) locale, in London. Events name was International SAP Conference for Financial Services 2011. Because pupil plants within conference industry, on the first twenty-four hours of conference she had to execute work responsibilities, stake on 2nd twenty-four hours ( Appendix 12 ) she was given an chance to take part in the conference. Besides the professional involvement in conference[ 5 ], pupil was peculiarly interested in some of the cardinal talkers and their presentations as it was relevant to her concern surveies. Because of the planetary recognition crunch, a rather few presentation were contributed towards after-crunch period and redresss for European states to utilize. Another peculiar involvement in go toing this conference for pupil was presentations. As this is the pupils weakest nexus, it was really good experience to watch professionals to give presentations and me asure those. During the breaks pupil had an chance to run into concern people from around the universe, talk with them and hear their positions on current and future state of affairs in concerns.Phase two:Feelingss Because of the magnitude of the event and large concern figures go toing, pupil was afraid that result from go toing event will non be really good. However, after first two presentations pupil realised that subjects of presentations were really interesting, presentations themselves were great and she gained assurance, because she knew that she will be able to fall in conversations about it. Because pupil did non hold a clip to fix for the conference, she missed out the workshops which she did non experience good about. However, fall ining conversations during interruptions, she felt confident and even involved herself in one of the arguments. Looking back at the event, it was a great new experience which will assist her with her personal and professional development.Phase three:Evaluation By and large talking, event was successful for its intent. For pupil ‘s acquisition purposes the most relevant portion was forenoon session ( Appendix 13 ) . Even these presentations were more aslant towards the new SAP engineerings inventions in banking systems, there was batch about economic growing and falls and how to cover with it. Particularly Prof. Dr Hans-Gert Penzel ‘s presentation was in involvement because of movable cognition about fiscal crisis and economic sciences growing slope[ 6 ]. In the center of this presentation it was disturbed by fire dismay and everybody had to go forth the edifice. There was non echt fire but it still took clip for fire brigade to come and look into. Nevertheless the presentation was disturbed, Mr Penzel used it as an illustration, he adapted state of affairs to the concern scene and turned the perturbation into utile tool.Phase four:Analysis Event was split into four chief parts: two forenoon Sessionss, from which foremost was devoted to general information about SAP engineerings and how it may assist to better concerns and fiscal crisis ; 2nd forenoon session was about SAP systems transmutation and invention in banking, current Sap clients were sharing their experience about utilizing SAP engineerings. After 2nd forenoon session was tiffin, pupil had an chance to speak to attendants while basking lovely nutrient. There was besides clip for researching exhibition, which was largely devoted to banking engineerings, but it was a good for networking and looking for new chances. After tiffin other SAP clients continued to speak about advantages of SAP systems. Afternoon interruption was followed by really interesting presentation given by Mr Andy Hirst, Senior Director Industry Marketing for SAP. It was about concern analytics, new developments and the best pattern attacks. Then two more presentations from SAP clients and sh uting remarks from the Chairman of the SAP.Phase five:Decision Overall the result of the event was successful, pupil learnt a batch. The biggest part from this event towards pupil ‘s acquisition development was tonss of different presentations. One of the grounds why pupil does non experience confident making presentations, is that English is non her first linguistic communication and she is afraid to do errors, although she is ever lending a batch during the originative procedure. Because a half of the talkers at the conference were non-native English talkers, it was valuable experience to see them on the phase. Although, they are professionals and likely giving presentations on at least hebdomadal footing, some of them still made minor errors, but that did non halt them to transport on. It was valuable lesson for pupil, carry on, despite the errors, be able to rectify herself and after travel on with presentation.Phase six:Action program As this was the last minute call, pupil did non hold a clip to fix herself for the conference, so if the similar event encountered once more, she would seek to make some research before go toing it, which would give her more assurance and would give an chance successfully take part in workshops, which she missed out this clip due to the deficiency of cognition and as a consequence- assurance.Contemplation on Class DebateArgument is practically an statement, a constructive treatment which allows everyone to fall in in with their positions and sentiments. Debate is an of import portion of larning procedure, it helps to understand argumentative schemes and expect the responses from opposite squads ( Lyon 2008 ) .Phase one:Description of the event Students had to set on docket to hold a category argument. Topic was about the world Television consequence on society. It seemed that everyone had their sentiment, and this is when it all went incorrect. The best word to depict it is chaos. Students were non debating ; they were quibbling about their sentiments on the format of the argument. Rules of the argument were non followed and as a consequence argument turned into coarse statement with some pupils being peculiarly chesty and violative.Phase two:Feelingss Student felt confused at first, she did non anticipate grown up people to be so superior and cocksure which was on the border with unfastened discourtesy.Phase three:Evaluation This was group ‘s first argument, but pupils were informed about regulations of argument etc. However, it turned into het difference, pupils were cutting off each other and in general it was a one large catastrophe.Phase four:Analysis It all went so incorrect that there is no manner to interrupt this event into constituent parts and analyse. Students did non follow regulations and phases of argument, they were ill prepared. There was no logical way and argument turned out to be wholly useless.Phase five:Decision It is truly difficult to happen a good thing to state about this argument, as it went so incorrect. However, people learn from their experience, and bad experience in larning procedure is every bit utile or sometimes even more utile as a good one.Phase six:Action program If there will be other arguments in the category, pupil will fix herself better beforehand and will suggest to hold short meeting before the argument, so pupils could hold on regulations and seek to command their self-importances. Appendix